Machine Learning - Revision history

Admin at 22:28, 21 December 2021

2021-12-21T22:28:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:28, 21 December 2021
Line 8:		Line 8:
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

	As explained in '''[N09]''', citing ~~<span class="plainlinks">~~[http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/reviews/bloomfield/bloomfield.html this link]~~</span>~~,		As explained in '''[N09]''', citing [http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/reviews/bloomfield/bloomfield.html this link],
	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	McCarthy has given a couple of reasons for using the term "artificial intelligence." The first was to distinguish the subject matter proposed for the Dartmouth workshop from that of a prior volume of solicited papers, titled ''Automata Studies'', co-edited by McCarthy and Shannon, which (to McCarthy's disappointment) largely concerned the esoteric and rather narrow mathematical subject called "automata theory." The second, according to McCarthy, was "to escape association with 'cybernetics'. Its concentration on analog feedback seemed misguided, and I wished to avoid having either to accept Norbert Wiener as a guru or having to argue with him."		McCarthy has given a couple of reasons for using the term "artificial intelligence." The first was to distinguish the subject matter proposed for the Dartmouth workshop from that of a prior volume of solicited papers, titled ''Automata Studies'', co-edited by McCarthy and Shannon, which (to McCarthy's disappointment) largely concerned the esoteric and rather narrow mathematical subject called "automata theory." The second, according to McCarthy, was "to escape association with 'cybernetics'. Its concentration on analog feedback seemed misguided, and I wished to avoid having either to accept Norbert Wiener as a guru or having to argue with him."
Line 52:		Line 52:
	==Machine learning==		==Machine learning==

	Nidhi Chappell, head of Machine Learning at Intel, in her ~~<span class="plainlinks">~~[https://www.wired.co.uk/article/machine-learning-ai-explained interview to Wired]~~</span>~~ says		Nidhi Chappell, head of Machine Learning at Intel, in her [https://www.wired.co.uk/article/machine-learning-ai-explained interview to Wired] says
	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	AI is basically the intelligence — how we make machines intelligent, while '''Machine Learning''' is the implementation of the compute methods that support it. The way I think of it is: AI is the science and machine learning is the algorithms that make the machines smarter. So the enabler for AI is machine learning.		AI is basically the intelligence — how we make machines intelligent, while '''Machine Learning''' is the implementation of the compute methods that support it. The way I think of it is: AI is the science and machine learning is the algorithms that make the machines smarter. So the enabler for AI is machine learning.
Line 77:		Line 77:
	=Bibliography=		=Bibliography=

	* '''[GBC16]''' Ian Goodfellow, Yoshua Bengio, and Aaron Courville. ''Deep Learning.'' MIT Press, 2016, ~~<span class="plainlinks">~~https://www.deeplearningbook.org/~~</span>~~.		* '''[GBC16]''' Ian Goodfellow, Yoshua Bengio, and Aaron Courville. ''Deep Learning.'' MIT Press, 2016, https://www.deeplearningbook.org/.
	* '''[M07]''' John McCarthy. ''What Is Artificial Intelligence?'' Computer Science Department, Stanford University, '''2007''', ~~<span class="plainlinks">~~http://jmc.stanford.edu/articles/whatisai/whatisai.pdf~~</span>~~.		* '''[M07]''' John McCarthy. ''What Is Artificial Intelligence?'' Computer Science Department, Stanford University, '''2007''', http://jmc.stanford.edu/articles/whatisai/whatisai.pdf.
	* '''[N09]''' Nils J. Nilsson. ''The Quest for Artificial Intelligence: A History of Ideas and Achievements.'' Cambridge University Press, '''2009'''.		* '''[N09]''' Nils J. Nilsson. ''The Quest for Artificial Intelligence: A History of Ideas and Achievements.'' Cambridge University Press, '''2009'''.
	* '''[W48]''' Norbert Wiener. ''Cybernetics or control and communication in the animal and the machine.'' The MIT Press, '''1948'''.		* '''[W48]''' Norbert Wiener. ''Cybernetics or control and communication in the animal and the machine.'' The MIT Press, '''1948'''.

Admin at 21:27, 12 July 2021

2021-07-12T21:27:11Z

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 <blockquote>
 McCarthy has given a couple of reasons for using the term "artificial intelligence." The first was to distinguish the subject matter proposed for the Dartmouth workshop from that of a prior volume of solicited papers, titled ''Automata Studies'', co-edited by McCarthy and Shannon, which (to McCarthy's disappointment) largely concerned the esoteric and rather narrow mathematical subject called "automata theory." The second, according to McCarthy, was "to escape association with 'cybernetics'. Its concentration on analog feedback seemed misguided, and I wished to avoid having either to accept Norbert Wiener as a guru or having to argue with him."
 </blockquote>

Admin at 11:33, 20 June 2021

2021-06-20T11:33:03Z

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 <blockquote>
 The hierarchy of concepts enables the computer to learn complicated concepts by building them out of simpler ones. If we draw a graph showing how these concepts are built on top of each other, the graph is deep, with many layers. For this reason, we call this approach to AI '''deep learning'''.
 </blockquote>
@@ Line 32: / Line 43: @@
 * '''[M07]''' John McCarthy. ''What Is Artificial Intelligence?'' Computer Science Department, Stanford University, '''2007''', <span class="plainlinks">http://jmc.stanford.edu/articles/whatisai/whatisai.pdf</span>.
 * '''[N09]''' Nils J. Nilsson. ''The Quest for Artificial Intelligence: A History of Ideas and Achievements.'' Cambridge University Press, '''2009'''.

Admin at 11:15, 20 June 2021

2021-06-20T11:15:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:15, 20 June 2021
Line 18:		Line 18:
	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	AI is basically the intelligence — how we make machines intelligent, while '''Machine Learning''' is the implementation of the compute methods that support it. The way I think of it is: AI is the science and machine learning is the algorithms that make the machines smarter. So the enabler for AI is machine learning.		AI is basically the intelligence — how we make machines intelligent, while '''Machine Learning''' is the implementation of the compute methods that support it. The way I think of it is: AI is the science and machine learning is the algorithms that make the machines smarter. So the enabler for AI is machine learning.
			</blockquote>

			==Deep learning==

			In '''[GBC16]''', we meet the following definition:
			<blockquote>
			The hierarchy of concepts enables the computer to learn complicated concepts by building them out of simpler ones. If we draw a graph showing how these concepts are built on top of each other, the graph is deep, with many layers. For this reason, we call this approach to AI '''deep learning'''.
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

	=Bibliography=		=Bibliography=

			* '''[GBC16]''' Ian Goodfellow, Yoshua Bengio, and Aaron Courville. ''Deep Learning.'' MIT Press, 2016, <span class="plainlinks">https://www.deeplearningbook.org/</span>.
	* '''[M07]''' John McCarthy. ''What Is Artificial Intelligence?'' Computer Science Department, Stanford University, '''2007''', <span class="plainlinks">http://jmc.stanford.edu/articles/whatisai/whatisai.pdf</span>.		* '''[M07]''' John McCarthy. ''What Is Artificial Intelligence?'' Computer Science Department, Stanford University, '''2007''', <span class="plainlinks">http://jmc.stanford.edu/articles/whatisai/whatisai.pdf</span>.
	* '''[N09]''' Nils J. Nilsson. ''The Quest for Artificial Intelligence: A History of Ideas and Achievements.'' Cambridge University Press, '''2009'''.		* '''[N09]''' Nils J. Nilsson. ''The Quest for Artificial Intelligence: A History of Ideas and Achievements.'' Cambridge University Press, '''2009'''.

Admin at 11:04, 20 June 2021

2021-06-20T11:04:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:04, 20 June 2021
Line 17:		Line 17:
	Nidhi Chappell, head of Machine Learning at Intel, in her <span class="plainlinks">[https://www.wired.co.uk/article/machine-learning-ai-explained interview to Wired]</span> says		Nidhi Chappell, head of Machine Learning at Intel, in her <span class="plainlinks">[https://www.wired.co.uk/article/machine-learning-ai-explained interview to Wired]</span> says
	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	AI is basically the intelligence — how we make machines intelligent, while Machine Learning is the implementation of the compute methods that support it. The way I think of it is: AI is the science and machine learning is the algorithms that make the machines smarter. So the enabler for AI is machine learning.		AI is basically the intelligence — how we make machines intelligent, while '''Machine Learning''' is the implementation of the compute methods that support it. The way I think of it is: AI is the science and machine learning is the algorithms that make the machines smarter. So the enabler for AI is machine learning.
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

Admin at 11:04, 20 June 2021

2021-06-20T11:04:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:04, 20 June 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	=Definitions=		=Definitions=

			==Artificial intelligence==

	John McCarthy defined '''artificial intelligence''' (in 1956 when preparing the Dartmouth workshop; here, however, we are citing '''[M07]''') as		John McCarthy defined '''artificial intelligence''' (in 1956 when preparing the Dartmouth workshop; here, however, we are citing '''[M07]''') as
Line 9:		Line 11:
	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	McCarthy has given a couple of reasons for using the term "artificial intelligence." The first was to distinguish the subject matter proposed for the Dartmouth workshop from that of a prior volume of solicited papers, titled ''Automata Studies'', co-edited by McCarthy and Shannon, which (to McCarthy's disappointment) largely concerned the esoteric and rather narrow mathematical subject called "automata theory." The second, according to McCarthy, was "to escape association with 'cybernetics'. Its concentration on analog feedback seemed misguided, and I wished to avoid having either to accept Norbert Wiener as a guru or having to argue with him."		McCarthy has given a couple of reasons for using the term "artificial intelligence." The first was to distinguish the subject matter proposed for the Dartmouth workshop from that of a prior volume of solicited papers, titled ''Automata Studies'', co-edited by McCarthy and Shannon, which (to McCarthy's disappointment) largely concerned the esoteric and rather narrow mathematical subject called "automata theory." The second, according to McCarthy, was "to escape association with 'cybernetics'. Its concentration on analog feedback seemed misguided, and I wished to avoid having either to accept Norbert Wiener as a guru or having to argue with him."
			</blockquote>

			==Machine learning==

			Nidhi Chappell, head of Machine Learning at Intel, in her <span class="plainlinks">[https://www.wired.co.uk/article/machine-learning-ai-explained interview to Wired]</span> says
			<blockquote>
			AI is basically the intelligence — how we make machines intelligent, while Machine Learning is the implementation of the compute methods that support it. The way I think of it is: AI is the science and machine learning is the algorithms that make the machines smarter. So the enabler for AI is machine learning.
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

Admin at 10:56, 20 June 2021

2021-06-20T10:56:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:56, 20 June 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	=Definitions=		=Definitions=

	John McCarthy defined '''artificial intelligence''' (in 1956 when preparing the Dartmouth ~~Workshop~~; here, however, we are citing '''[M07]''') as		John McCarthy defined '''artificial intelligence''' (in 1956 when preparing the Dartmouth workshop; here, however, we are citing '''[M07]''') as
	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially computer programs. It is related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence, but AI does not have to confine itself to methods that are biologically observable.		the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially computer programs. It is related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence, but AI does not have to confine itself to methods that are biologically observable.
			</blockquote>

			As explained in '''[N09]''', citing <span class="plainlinks">[http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/reviews/bloomfield/bloomfield.html this link]</span>,
			<blockquote>
			McCarthy has given a couple of reasons for using the term "artificial intelligence." The first was to distinguish the subject matter proposed for the Dartmouth workshop from that of a prior volume of solicited papers, titled ''Automata Studies'', co-edited by McCarthy and Shannon, which (to McCarthy's disappointment) largely concerned the esoteric and rather narrow mathematical subject called "automata theory." The second, according to McCarthy, was "to escape association with 'cybernetics'. Its concentration on analog feedback seemed misguided, and I wished to avoid having either to accept Norbert Wiener as a guru or having to argue with him."
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

Line 9:		Line 14:

	* '''[M07]''' John McCarthy. ''What Is Artificial Intelligence?'' Computer Science Department, Stanford University, '''2007''', <span class="plainlinks">http://jmc.stanford.edu/articles/whatisai/whatisai.pdf</span>.		* '''[M07]''' John McCarthy. ''What Is Artificial Intelligence?'' Computer Science Department, Stanford University, '''2007''', <span class="plainlinks">http://jmc.stanford.edu/articles/whatisai/whatisai.pdf</span>.
			* '''[N09]''' Nils J. Nilsson. ''The Quest for Artificial Intelligence: A History of Ideas and Achievements.'' Cambridge University Press, '''2009'''.

Admin: Created page with "=Definitions= John McCarthy defined '''artificial intelligence''' (in 1956 when preparing the Dartmouth Workshop; here, however, we are citing '''[M07]''') as
t..."

2021-06-20T10:46:08Z

Created page with "=Definitions= John McCarthy defined '''artificial intelligence''' (in 1956 when preparing the Dartmouth Workshop; here, however, we are citing '''[M07]''') as <blockquote> t..."

New page

=Definitions=

John McCarthy defined '''artificial intelligence''' (in 1956 when preparing the Dartmouth Workshop; here, however, we are citing '''[M07]''') as
<blockquote>
the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially computer programs. It is related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence, but AI does not have to confine itself to methods that are biologically observable.
</blockquote>

=Bibliography=

* '''[M07]''' John McCarthy. ''What Is Artificial Intelligence?'' Computer Science Department, Stanford University, '''2007''', <span class="plainlinks">http://jmc.stanford.edu/articles/whatisai/whatisai.pdf</span>.

Machine Learning - Revision history

Admin at 22:28, 21 December 2021

Admin at 21:27, 12 July 2021

Admin at 11:33, 20 June 2021

Admin at 11:15, 20 June 2021

Admin at 11:04, 20 June 2021

Admin at 11:04, 20 June 2021

Admin at 10:56, 20 June 2021

Admin: Created page with "=Definitions= John McCarthy defined '''artificial intelligence''' (in 1956 when preparing the Dartmouth Workshop; here, however, we are citing '''[M07]''') as t..."

Admin: Created page with "=Definitions= John McCarthy defined '''artificial intelligence''' (in 1956 when preparing the Dartmouth Workshop; here, however, we are citing '''[M07]''') as
t..."