Programming/Kdb/History - Revision history

Admin at 22:09, 21 December 2021

2021-12-21T22:09:02Z

Admin at 18:35, 3 July 2021

2021-07-03T18:35:44Z

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	Kx customers are seeing trade data volumes that nearly double each year, and Whitney expects that the financial industry will be one of the first movers to 64-bit technology.		Kx customers are seeing trade data volumes that nearly double each year, and Whitney expects that the financial industry will be one of the first movers to 64-bit technology.
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

			[[File:Kx_Systems_party.jpg\|alt=KX Systems party\|thumb\|Michael O'Neill of First Derivatives (centre) acknowledges Arthur Whitney and Janet Lustgarten at a Kx Systems party in New York in June.]]

	The release of kdb+ coincided with a 10-year celebration for Kx Systems. ''Ibid.'':		The release of kdb+ coincided with a 10-year celebration for Kx Systems. ''Ibid.'':

Admin: /* FD */

2021-07-03T18:31:21Z

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	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

	=FD=		=First Derivatives=

	On 2 July 2018, First Derivatives plc <span class="plainlinks">[https://kx.com/news/fd-to-buy-out-minority-kx-systems-shareholders/ announced]</span> that it was to buy out minority Kx Systems shareholders:		On 2 July 2018, First Derivatives plc <span class="plainlinks">[https://kx.com/news/fd-to-buy-out-minority-kx-systems-shareholders/ announced]</span> that it was to buy out minority Kx Systems shareholders:

Admin: /* Kdb+ */

2021-07-03T18:30:42Z

Kdb+

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	Kx customers are seeing trade data volumes that nearly double each year, and Whitney expects that the financial industry will be one of the first movers to 64-bit technology.		Kx customers are seeing trade data volumes that nearly double each year, and Whitney expects that the financial industry will be one of the first movers to 64-bit technology.
			</blockquote>

			The release of kdb+ coincided with a 10-year celebration for Kx Systems. ''Ibid.'':
			<blockquote>
			Founded in 1993, Kx celebrated its first 10 years with a party at mid-town Manhattan's stylish restaurant Noche ("night" in Spanish). The restaurant's Latin theme was complemented by the live music of a 4-piece Brazilian band, and nearly 150 customers, partners, prospects and friends of Kx attended.

			Towards the end of the evening, the party took a surprise twist, as employees of Kx and its strategic partner First Derivatives presented Whitney and CEO Janet Lustgarten with a commemorative Steuben glass sculpture. The plaque read:
			<blockquote>
			Kx Systems—10 years of success—2003. Several long-time customers and friends, including Joel Kaplan, who first hired Whitney at Morgan Stanley, were on hand to express their congratulations.
			</blockquote>

			For Whitney, the party and SIA show helped him officially mark the completion of kdb+, which has been in development for several years. "Usually I am too busy programming or thinking about how to program something to pay much attention to product announcements. But this time, being surrounded by so many people who were celebrating the announcement and the company, I had to stop and appreciate what Kx has become over the years."
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

Admin: /* Kx Systems */

2021-07-03T18:24:08Z

Kx Systems

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	Ken Iverson, his son, Eric Iverson, and Hui all ended up working in a company called <span class="plainlinks">[https://www.jsoftware.com/ Jsoftware]</span> in the 1990s–2000s.		Ken Iverson, his son, Eric Iverson, and Hui all ended up working in a company called <span class="plainlinks">[https://www.jsoftware.com/ Jsoftware]</span> in the 1990s–2000s.

	=Kx Systems=		=Kx Systems and kdb=

	[[File:UBS_New_York.jpg\|alt=UBS headquarters, New York\|thumb\|UBS headquarters, New York]]		[[File:UBS_New_York.jpg\|alt=UBS headquarters, New York\|thumb\|UBS headquarters, New York]]

	Whitney left Morgan Stanley in 1993 and co-founded Kx Systems with Janet Lustgarten, where he developed another APL variant, called k. On its basis he developed a columnar in-memory time series database called kdb. Kx Systems was under an exclusive agreement with UBS. It expired in 1996 and k and kdb became generally available. ksql was added in 1998 as a layer on top of k. Some developers regard it as part of the k language, ksql includes SQL-like constructs, such as <tt>select</tt>.		Whitney left Morgan Stanley in 1993 and co-founded Kx Systems with Janet Lustgarten, where he developed another APL variant, called k.

	~~kdb+~~ was ~~released in June 2003. This was more or less a total rewrite of kdb for 64-bit systems based on the 4th version~~ of ~~k and q, a macro language layer~~ (~~or a query language, hence the name~~) ~~on top of k, defined in terms of k. Both q and k compile to the same byte code that is executed in the kdb+ byte interpreter~~. For ~~example, <tt>type</tt> in q is~~ the ~~equivalent of <tt>@:</tt> in k. Q is much more readable than k~~ and ~~most kdb+ developers write their code in q, not~~ k.		Kx Systems was under an exclusive agreement with Union Bank of Switzerland (UBS). For the next four years Whitney developed various financial and trading applications using k for UBS.

	The q programming language contains its own table query syntax called q-sql, which in some ways resembles the traditional SQL.		The contract ended in 1997 when UBS merged with Swiss Bank.

			In 1998, Kx Systems released kdb, a columnar in-memory database built on k by Arthur Whitney. Kdb included ksql, a query language with an SQL-like syntax, including constructs such as <tt>select</tt>.

			=Kdb+=

			kdb+ was released in June 2003. This was more or less a total rewrite of kdb for 64-bit systems based on the 4th version of k and q, a macro language layer (or a query language, hence the name) on top of k, defined in terms of k. Both q and k compile to the same byte code that is executed in the kdb+ byte interpreter. For example, <tt>type</tt> in q is the equivalent of <tt>@:</tt> in k. Q is much more readable than k and most kdb+ developers write their code in q, not k. The q programming language contains its own table query syntax called q-sql, which in some ways resembles the traditional SQL.

			Steph Johnson <span class="plainlinks">[http://archive.vector.org.uk/art10004180 tells the story of kdb+ release]</span> in Vector, the journal of the British APL Association:

			<blockquote>
			The single largest annual event for IT executives in the securities industry, the SIA Technology Management Conference & Exhibit takes place in New York City each June and draws an international audience. Kx is traditionally a sponsor of and exhibitor at the event. This year the conference coincided with the announcement of the company’s new 64-bit kdb+ database, which Kx demonstrated on two networked Itanium 2 servers running Linux on the show floor.

			Kdb+ has been in beta test at several leading firms including Lehman Brothers. The new database is more than simply a version of kdb for 64-bit architectures, although the need for trading, risk management and other real-time business applications to capture and analyze more transactions and events in memory was the impetus behind its development.

			Arthur Whitney, developer of A+, K and all Kx Systems software, designed kdb+ to handle more data types than kdb and to provide data types that map to Java and .net. In addition, kdb+ is several orders of magnitude faster than kdb on operations such as inserts and updates, and it offers greatly reduced latency to speed up transaction processing. Kdb+ also merges the K language with ksql to provide a single language for programming and analytics.

			Kdb+ is not a replacement for kdb, which continues to receive growing acceptance in financial and other industries. Kx will continue to develop and sell both platforms. According to Whitney, "After 10 years of experience with customers using K and kdb, we learned a lot, and it was time to incorporate that learning into a next-generation product."

			Initially, kdb+ is expected to appeal to firms whose intraday data requirements exceed the capacity of 32-bit architectures. "Many of our customers want to deal with 50 million or more transactions per day." says Whitney. "64-bit makes this easy."

			Kx customers are seeing trade data volumes that nearly double each year, and Whitney expects that the financial industry will be one of the first movers to 64-bit technology.
			</blockquote>

	=FD=		=FD=

Admin: /* APL */

2021-07-03T18:10:26Z

APL

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	Applied mathematics is largely concerned with the design and analysis of explicit procedures for calculating the exact or approximate values of various functions. Such explicit procedures are called algorithms or programs. Because an effective notation for the description of programs exhibits considerable syntactic structure, it is called a '''programming language'''.		Applied mathematics is largely concerned with the design and analysis of explicit procedures for calculating the exact or approximate values of various functions. Such explicit procedures are called algorithms or programs. Because an effective notation for the description of programs exhibits considerable syntactic structure, it is called a '''programming language'''.
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

			[[File:APL2-nappaimisto.png\|alt=APL2 keyboard\|thumb\|APL2 keyboard]]

	In <span class="plainlinks">[http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/APL-hist.html A Personal History of APL], Michael S. Montalbano describes the "two key ideas" behind it:		In <span class="plainlinks">[http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/APL-hist.html A Personal History of APL], Michael S. Montalbano describes the "two key ideas" behind it:
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	[[File:APL_developers.jpg\|alt=APL developers\|thumb\|(L to R) Dick Lathwell, Ken Iverson, Roger Moore, Adin Falkoff, Phil Abrams, and Larry Breed. On the extreme left in the background: Jon McGrew. Taken in the I. P. Sharp Associates hospitality suite during the 1978 APL Users Meeting in Toronto, Ontario.]]		[[File:APL_developers.jpg\|alt=APL developers\|thumb\|(L to R) Dick Lathwell, Ken Iverson, Roger Moore, Adin Falkoff, Phil Abrams, and Larry Breed. On the extreme left in the background: Jon McGrew. Taken in the I. P. Sharp Associates hospitality suite during the 1978 APL Users Meeting in Toronto, Ontario.]]

	~~[[File:APL2-nappaimisto.png\|alt=APL2 keyboard\|thumb\|APL2 keyboard]]~~

	According to <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_E._Iverson Wikipedia]</span>,		According to <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_E._Iverson Wikipedia]</span>,

Admin: /* APL */

2021-07-03T18:09:52Z

APL

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	=APL=		=APL=

			[[File:IBM_2741_APL_keyboard.jpg\|alt=IBM 2741 APL keyboard\|thumb\|IBM 2741 APL keyboard]]

	In the preface to ''A Programming Language'', Iverson defines a programming language as follows:		In the preface to ''A Programming Language'', Iverson defines a programming language as follows:
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	[[File:APL_developers.jpg\|alt=APL developers\|thumb\|(L to R) Dick Lathwell, Ken Iverson, Roger Moore, Adin Falkoff, Phil Abrams, and Larry Breed. On the extreme left in the background: Jon McGrew. Taken in the I. P. Sharp Associates hospitality suite during the 1978 APL Users Meeting in Toronto, Ontario.]]		[[File:APL_developers.jpg\|alt=APL developers\|thumb\|(L to R) Dick Lathwell, Ken Iverson, Roger Moore, Adin Falkoff, Phil Abrams, and Larry Breed. On the extreme left in the background: Jon McGrew. Taken in the I. P. Sharp Associates hospitality suite during the 1978 APL Users Meeting in Toronto, Ontario.]]

			[[File:APL2-nappaimisto.png\|alt=APL2 keyboard\|thumb\|APL2 keyboard]]

	According to <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_E._Iverson Wikipedia]</span>,		According to <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_E._Iverson Wikipedia]</span>,

Admin: /* Kx Systems */

2021-07-03T18:08:55Z

Kx Systems

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	=Kx Systems=		=Kx Systems=

			[[File:UBS_New_York.jpg\|alt=UBS headquarters, New York\|thumb\|UBS headquarters, New York]]

	Whitney left Morgan Stanley in 1993 and co-founded Kx Systems with Janet Lustgarten, where he developed another APL variant, called k. On its basis he developed a columnar in-memory time series database called kdb. Kx Systems was under an exclusive agreement with UBS. It expired in 1996 and k and kdb became generally available. ksql was added in 1998 as a layer on top of k. Some developers regard it as part of the k language, ksql includes SQL-like constructs, such as <tt>select</tt>.		Whitney left Morgan Stanley in 1993 and co-founded Kx Systems with Janet Lustgarten, where he developed another APL variant, called k. On its basis he developed a columnar in-memory time series database called kdb. Kx Systems was under an exclusive agreement with UBS. It expired in 1996 and k and kdb became generally available. ksql was added in 1998 as a layer on top of k. Some developers regard it as part of the k language, ksql includes SQL-like constructs, such as <tt>select</tt>.
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	The q programming language contains its own table query syntax called q-sql, which in some ways resembles the traditional SQL.		The q programming language contains its own table query syntax called q-sql, which in some ways resembles the traditional SQL.

	~~[[File:IBM_2741_APL_keyboard.jpg\|alt=IBM 2741 APL keyboard\|thumb\|IBM 2741 APL keyboard]]~~

	~~[[File:APL2-nappaimisto.png\|alt=APL2 keyboard\|thumb\|APL2 keyboard]]~~

	~~[[File:UBS_New_York.jpg\|alt=UBS headquarters, New York\|thumb\|UBS headquarters, New York]]~~

	=FD=		=FD=

Admin: /* Morgan Stanley and A+ */

2021-07-03T18:05:44Z

Morgan Stanley and A+

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	=Morgan Stanley and A+=		=Morgan Stanley and A+=

			[[File:Morgan_Stanley_Headquarters_(48105951892).jpg\|alt=Morgan Stanley headquarters, New York\|thumb\|Morgan Stanley headquarters, New York]]

	In 1988, Whitney joined Morgan Stanley. He <span class="plainlinks">[https://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1531242 recalls]</span>:		In 1988, Whitney joined Morgan Stanley. He <span class="plainlinks">[https://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1531242 recalls]</span>:

Admin: /* Kx Systems */

2021-07-03T18:05:29Z

Kx Systems

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	The q programming language contains its own table query syntax called q-sql, which in some ways resembles the traditional SQL.		The q programming language contains its own table query syntax called q-sql, which in some ways resembles the traditional SQL.

	~~'''Under construction.'''~~

	~~[[File:APL_developers.jpg\|alt=APL developers\|thumb\|APL developers]]~~

	[[File:IBM_2741_APL_keyboard.jpg\|alt=IBM 2741 APL keyboard\|thumb\|IBM 2741 APL keyboard]]		[[File:IBM_2741_APL_keyboard.jpg\|alt=IBM 2741 APL keyboard\|thumb\|IBM 2741 APL keyboard]]
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	[[File:UBS_New_York.jpg\|alt=UBS headquarters, New York\|thumb\|UBS headquarters, New York]]		[[File:UBS_New_York.jpg\|alt=UBS headquarters, New York\|thumb\|UBS headquarters, New York]]

	~~[[File:Morgan_Stanley_Headquarters_(48105951892).jpg\|alt=Morgan Stanley headquarters, New York\|thumb\|Morgan Stanley headquarters, New York]]~~

	=FD=		=FD=